A beautiful sunny morning for our visit to Palmer station, the US research station  in Arthur Harbour, Anvers Island.  Surrounded by lovely icebergs and glaciers.    

There are 2 foci for the research – on what’s happening in Antartica (zoology, microbial ecology and marine biology mainly); the effect of what’s happening in Antartica on global systems.   20 – 40 people work on some 45 projects around the year, mainly in summer. A budget of $450M, out of a National Scientific Foundation budget of $10B. 

There area few artistic types who have managed to get a grant to write a children’s book on Antarctic animals – Terry Nelson is a very talented cartoonist and is illustrating the book. She was on hand with some of her beautiful sketches.  

The largest insect at this southern-most point is the Belgica Antartica, 3mm. It has the constitution of an ox! Survives in freezing temperatures and dehydration extremes – scientists (aka ‘buggers’) are interested in understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms of how these little midges survive.

Long term research has been carried out on penguin breeding on the nearby Adelie penguin colony on Torgersen Island. There numbers have declined by 75% with the glacial melt (which has consistently been 10 metres a year since 1975). Temperature has increased by 7 degrees since 1975.

They have a ‘glider’ craft that explores the ocean to research ‘sessile’ critters, matter that’s stuck to the ocean floor and doesn’t move.

The Palmer station recipe for ‘Brownies’ is world famous – bringing home a copy….plan to do some baking for the next lunch at chez-moi.

Some Antarctic vocab I can now share, should you ever venture to this neck of the woods…..

• “Nunataks” – rocky crag projecting off ice on glacier
• “Bergy bit” – less than 5 metres above water; more than 1 metre high
• “Brash ice” – less than 2 metres across, piled upon ice wreckage; little ice floaties in the water
• “Fast ice” – ice attached to coast unmoving and more than 2 metres above water; an ice shelf.

Gorgeous crab-eater seals on ice flows and their mate swimming nearby, when we went on zodiacs back to the ship.   

The Palmer keeps tributes and photos of those eminent scientists to have worked onsite – Dr Alice McWhinnie features prominently – physiologist and Antarctic researcher, focussing on the life history of krill. In 1962, she was the first female scientist to participate in Antarctic research and subsequently, one of the first 2 women to ‘winter’ in Antartica.  She undertook 11 research trips between 1962- 1978. Science station chief at McMurdo Sound in 1974. In 1975-76, researchers and students visited Mary Alice at Palmer station to discuss the biology, harvesting, distribution and life cycles of krill. She served tirelessly on every US Committee on the Antartica – what a woman!

From Palmer station to Port Lockroy to drop off mail and pick up a scientist doing research locally.  

Gorgeous afternoon, brilliant skies and wonderful panorama! The 3 staff at Port Lockroy waved us goodbye and the Captain of our ship blew 3 farewell horn blasts, sending the penguins on the island scampering for cover.

Afternoon was capped off by about 25 humpback whales surfacing from eating krill, to hunch their backs/dorsal fin and flick their tails in the air (fluking) before going back down for more feeding….absolutely stunning! Eric’s talk at 16.30 on glaciers of the southern ocean was rescheduled to allow us to go out on the bow and enjoy the whale (of a ) display!    

Beef cheek in a red wine jus for dinner tonight – yummy!!